Imperative

1. These are imperatives:

Go. Help. Come. Wait.

We use the imperative like this:

Come in¡ Have a cup of tea.
Turn left at the post office.
Don't touch¡ It's hot.

Note that sometimes the imperative is one word, but often give more information:

Help¡
Help me¡
Help me with my suitcase.

We can say please after an imperative to be more polite:

Help me with my suitcase, please.
Hurry up, please. We're late
Come here, please.
Listen to me, please.

2. We form the negative like this:

Don't be late
Don't forget your books¡
Don't wait for me.

We normally use the short form Don't

3. We use the imperative:

---> to give instructions:

Turn right at the corner.
Don't forget your passport

---> to give warnings:

Look out! There's a car coming.
Be careful! That box is very heavy.

---> to give advice:

Have a rest. You look tired
Take a coat. It's cold today.
Don't see that film. It's terrible!

---> to ask people to do things:

Come in please, and sit down.
Listen to this song. It's wonderful.
Pass the butter, please.

---> to make offers:

Have another orange juice.
Make yourself a cup of coffee.

---> to "wish" things:

Have a good trip!
Have a nice holiday!

Present Simple or Present Continuous

Compare the Present Simple and the Present Continuous:

1 we use the Present Simple to talk about facts (thing which are true at any time):

Anna speaks good Spanish.
Journalist write newspaper articles.
I come from Norway. (= I am Norwegian).

2 we use the Present Simple for situations that exist over a long time, and for actions that are repeated ( e.g. people's habits, or events on a timetable):

Mike works for an adversitising company.
He lives in Paris. (= His home is in Paris).

Past ----> now ----> future

He lives in Paris
<--------------------------->

Jane travels a lot in her job.
I do a lot of sport

we can use words like usually, often, every:

we usually go out to dinner at weekends
I often go to football matches on Sundays
The buses leave every hour

3 we use the Present Simple with thinking and feeling verbs ( e.g. know, forget, notice,
understand, recognise, remember, like, love, hate, want, prefer, need):

I don't know which train to catch.

4 we use have in the Present Simple to talk about possession:

I have a new car.

we use think in the Present Simple to express opinions:

I think she's interesting

we use the Present Continuous to talk about action in progress at the time of speaking:

Anna's busy. She's speaking on the phone.
what are you writting? - A letter to Jane.
Look¡ The bus is coming.

we use the Present Continuous for things that continue for a limited period of time around
now ( e.g. holidays, visits, temporary jobs, school or university courses):

Past ----> now ----> future

He's living in New York.

Jane's travelling around Europe for a month
I'm doing a one year course in tourism
we're painting that flat.

we do not usually use the Present Continuous with thinking and feeling verbs

Not: I'm knowing someone who lives in Venice

we use have and think in the Present Continuous to talk about actions:

I'm having fun
he can't come, he's having dinner at the moment.
I am thinking about my work

Present Continuous (2)

1. Look at these questions:

Are you enjoying that drink, Ann?
Is he watching tv at the moment?
Are they working hard?

2. We form Present Continuous questions like this:


Questions

Singular

Am I
Are you -------> winning?
Is she/he/it

Plural

Are we
Are you -------> winning?
Are they


3. Here are three common Present Continuous questions. They all mean ¡How are you?¡

How's it going?
How are you getting on?
How are you doing?

4. We do not usually use the Present Continuous to talk about opinions or thoughts:

I like tennis. I know your sister. ( Not I'm liking tennis. I'm knowing your sister.)

We do not usually use these verbs in the Present Continuous:

Like ----> Know ----> hate
Love ---> Understand ---> believe
Mean ---> remember ----> want

5. Think and have :

--> we cannot use think in the Present Continuous to express opinions:

I think he's nice. (Not I'm thinking he's nice.)

--> we can use think in the Present Continuous to talk about an action:

She's thinking about the film.

--> we cannot use have in the Present Continuous to talk about possessions:

I have a ticket. (Not Iam having a ticket.)

--> we can use it to talk about actions:

I'm having breakfast. He's having fun

Present Continous (1)

1.- we form the Present Continous like this:

be+ -ing form

Here are the forms of the Present Continuos:

Positive

Full Form

I am eating
You are eating
he/she/it is eating
we are eating
you are eating
they are eating

Short Form

I'm eating
You're eating
He's eating
We're eating
They're eating

Negative

Full Form

I am not eating
you are not eating
he/she/it is not eating
we are not eating
they are not eating

Short Form

I'm not eating
you aren't eating
he isn't eating
we aren't eating
you aren't eating
they aren't eating

2.- To make the -ing form, we add -ing to the verb:

listen --> listening play --> playing
work --> working read --> reading

3.- But notice irregular spellings:

win --> winning get --> getting
shop --> shopping sit --> sitting
swim --> swimming travel -->travelling
dance -->dancing write -->writting
shine -->shinning

4.-we use the Present Continuos:
--> to talk about actions and situations in progress now

eg. the bus is coming

--> to talk about action and situations in progress around now, but not exactly at the moment we speak:

eg. what are you doing these days?

A: I'm learning spanish.

Shadows in red song

I see clearly now your face
Something so pure
Something I'm sure will be lost
I'm staring at the shadows in red
Sends me chills now
I see clearly everything except your face
I'm lonely scared to be lonely
Thought until death meant
My fears were safe within now they begin
To be lonely scared of the only
Thing I knew best so I thought I knew everything
Until now I see I'm lost and lonely
Shatters everything in my head consumes me
Blinded by one thing obsessed with the need to be loved
Screams become whispers instead assuming
I know I'm losing all the things closest to me
I'm lonely scared to be lonely
Thought until death meant
My fears were safe within
Now they begin to be lonely
Scared of the only thing I knew best
So I thought I knew everything
Until now I see I'm lost and lonely
Angels swirl around me
So now I know I'm not alone
Only scared to be lonely
Thought until death meant
My fears were safe within now they begin
To be lonely scared of the only
Thing I knew best so I thought I knew everything
Until now I see I'm lost and lonely